英準備向亞太地區部署軍事力量
摘要: 簡氏：英外交大臣暗示 「五國聯防協議」或適用於南海爭端 UK prepared to deploy military assets to support FPDA in event of future Asia-Pacific crises， says foreign secretary 1月30日，英國外交大臣菲 ...
簡氏：英外交大臣暗示 「五國聯防協議」或適用於南海爭端
UK prepared to deploy military assets to support FPDA in event of future Asia-Pacific crises， says foreign secretary
1月30日，英國外交大臣菲利普·哈蒙德在新加坡表示，如果該地區政治和軍事緊張導致安全局勢惡化的話，英國隨時準備向亞太地區部署軍事力量。
The United Kingdom would be prepared to deploy military forces to the Asia-Pacific region should political and military tensions in the region cause a deterioration in the security situation， Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond said in Singapore on 30 January.
在拉惹勒南國際研究學院(RSIS)組織的一次「英國介入地區事務」講座
上，哈蒙德發表了以上講話。這位英國前國防部長指出，「領土遺留問題仍然困擾著該地區」,儘管地區經濟關聯度達到了前所未有的水平，但達成歷史性和解的步伐仍舊緩慢，這讓他感到很沮喪。
Hammond made the comments during a lecture on the UK's involvement in the region organised by the Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS). The former defence secretary noted the "plethora of territorial claims which still plague the region" and stated that he is dismayed with the slow pace of historic reconciliation despite its increased economic interconnectedness.
不過,這位外交大臣警告說,經濟互通性的增強並不能阻止該地區爆發戰略競爭,他還以歐洲的第一次世界大戰為例補充道，「許多亞洲或非亞洲國家都在熱切關注東亞的政治緊張局勢和日益加劇的民族主義情緒」。
Yet the foreign secretary cautioned that economical connectedness is no guarantee that the region cannot be torn apart by strategic rivalry， citing the First World War in Europe as an example. "Many inside and outside Asia are watching nervously as political tensions and nationalism heighten in East Asia，" he added.
哈蒙德說,儘管英國在南中國海主權糾紛問題上不持任何立場,但他反對武力主導亞洲秩序。哈蒙德認為，「該地區的領土糾紛應根據國際法來解決。地區穩定是至關重要的,因為國際體系的完整性是建立在規則基礎上的,解決地區糾紛的不是武力,而是對話和國際法」。
Hammond said that while the United Kingdom does not take a position on the underlying sovereignty disputes in the South and East China seas， it rejects a power-based order in Asia and that territorial disputes in the region should be resolved according to international rules. "It is critically important for regional stability， and for the integrity of the rules-based international system， that disputes in the region are resolved not through force or coercion， but through dialogue and in accordance with international law，" he said.
哈蒙德指出,考慮到南海地區每年價值3萬億英鎊(4.52萬億美元)的貿易額，亞洲的安全秩序對英國來說意義重大。因此,英國仍然寄希望於地區多邊安全協議-即與澳大利亞、馬來西亞、紐西蘭和新加坡簽署的《五國國防協議》。五國聯防組織成立於1971年,目前仍是東南亞唯一正式的多邊聯防機構。
The United Kingdom， he noted， has an important stake in Asian security given that GBP3 trillion (USD4.52 trillion) worth of trade passes through the South China Sea annually. As such， the UK remains committed to the regional multilateral security pacts known as the Five Powers Defence Arrangements (FPDA) alongside Australia， Malaysia， New Zealand， and Singapore. The FPDA， established in 1971， is still the only formal multilateral defence arrangement in South East Asia.
哈蒙德說，協議意味著英國隨時可以採取行動，為亞太盟友、朋友和合作夥伴提供支持」。他還指出,皇家海軍(RN)參與颱風海燕救災和參與尋找失蹤馬來西亞客機MH370的國際行動，就是英國將軍事力量部署到該地區的響應性例子。
"That [commitment] means we are ready and able to mobilise in support of Asia-Pacific allies， friends， and partners，" said Hammond. The secretary pointed to the Royal Navy's (RN's) involvement in the Typhoon Haiyan relief efforts and the international search for missing Malaysian airliner MH370 as examples of the UK's responsiveness in mobilising military assets to deploy to the region.
2013年11月，RN曾派出45型驅逐艦HMS勇敢號驅逐艦和光輝號航空母艦參與颱風海燕人道主義援助和救災(HADR)，2014年3月，它們參與了馬來西亞尋找失蹤客機MH370的行動。
The RN deployed its Type 45 destroyer HMS Daring and the aircraft carrier HMS Illustrious to support the humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) effort that followed Typhoon Haiyan's devastation of the Philippines in November 2013. The service then dispatched the survey ship HMS Echo and the Trafalgar-class nuclear-powered attack submarine (SSN) HMS Tireless during the search for missing Malaysian airliner MH370 in March 2014.
評論：
《五國聯防協議》的簽署傳遞了一種堅定的信息，如果馬來西亞和新加坡任何一方受到攻擊，澳大利亞、紐西蘭和英國都將做出回應。
這一協議源於20世紀60年代新加坡和印尼之間低級的軍事對抗，當時的印尼總統蘇加諾察覺到，馬來西亞和新加坡已成為印尼的威脅-對印尼在該地區的主導地位形成威脅。
然而，東南亞國家之間的軍事敵對風險已經基本消退，《五國聯防協議》作為安全管理體系，一直承擔著廣泛的角色，如人道主義援助、救災(HADR)和打擊海盜行動。
哈蒙德在新加坡的演講也許是第一次暗示，《五國聯防協議》可適用於南中國海爭端。
按照《五國聯防協議》，如果英國在該地區的利益受到威脅，英國將隨時準備好向該地區派駐軍事力量。這與哈蒙德在2014年5月發表的「英國國家海上安全戰略」講話類似，哈蒙德當時的講話凸顯了英國「在亞太地區重要的政治和經濟利益」及其對南中國海安全問題的特殊關切。
英國的立場也表明，面對新的安全風險，《五國聯防協議》也可以在各簽署國範圍內廣泛的適用。
馬來西亞，FPDA的簽署國，也是南中國海領土糾紛的一個聲索國。
COMMENT
The FPDA was conceived with the intention of sending a firm message that any attack on Malaysia and Singapore would precipitate the involvement of Australia， New Zealand， and the United Kingdom in response.
This commitment was borne out of a period of low-level military confrontation between Singapore and Indonesia in the 1960s， with Indonesia's president Sukarno perceiving the formation of Malaysia and Singapore as threats to his vision of an Indonesia that dominated the region.
While the risk of military hostility between Southeast Asian nations has largely dissipated， the FPDA has endured as a security construct and has evolved to take on broader roles such as humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) and counter-piracy operations.
Secretary Hammond's speech in Singapore perhaps represents the first time that the FPDA has been mentioned in the same breath as South China Sea disputes.
His remarks that the United Kingdom stands ready to deploy military assets under the auspices of the FPDA， should its interests in the region be threatened， reflects statements in the UK's National Strategy for Maritime Security， published in May 2014， which highlights among other issues the UK's "significant political and economic interests in the Asia-Pacific region" and its particular concerns over security matters in the South China Sea.，
The UK's position also suggests that the FPDA could see yet another evolution in its purpose as signatories invoke commitment to it in the context of new security risks.
Malaysia， an FPDA signatory state， is a claimant party in South China Sea disputes.